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Nigeria, stated to be large of Africa and with a sturdy inhabitants of over 150 million, can boast of bountiful provide of human assets, each expert and unskilled, made up of women and men, account for the capital base of the nation. Nevertheless, it could be pertinent to notice that the variety of expert however idle far outweighs the unskilled and dealing (Rotimi Ige, Tribune Newspaper; Tuesday sixth July, 2010. ). The above cited work represents the view of most Nigerian populace on Nigeria and the extent of unemployment in its financial system. Earlier than we’ll disclose extra into the discourse, tell us what the idea ‘unemployment’ connotes. Ewa Udu and Agu (2000) outline unemployment as a state of affairs by which individuals succesful and prepared to work are unable to search out appropriate paid employment.
Unemployment may very well be seasonal, frictional, internationally transmitted or structural. Seasonal unemployment happens in industries which might be seasonal in nature. Such industries interact labour quickly through the peak intervals and lay them off within the off-peak seasons. Once more frictional unemployment exists when explicit occupation has surplus staff in a single a part of the nation whereas areas for comparable jobs are very a lot out there and will not be stuffed in different geographical areas of the identical nation. Poor information of the existence of job alternative elsewhere and labour immobility are the most important issue that give rise to this kind of unemployment. Furthermore, in export-oriented industries, if demand within the industries falls off resulting from deterioration of commerce of the importing nation, most staff within the industries might be laid off. Generally, there could also be adjustments within the sample of mixture demand and within the strategies of within the trade. When this happens in an opposed means, some staff could also be affected and they are going to be retrenched. That is termed structural unemployment.
In 2006, the speed of unemployment was solely 2. 9%. It rose to an outrageous fee of 5. 8% in 2007. Thereafter, it fell barely to 4. 9% in 2008. Since then, it remained static at that stage until the current 2010 (CIA World Factbook). These statistics don’t painting Nigerian financial system within the constructive as regards employment of human assets as a result of in a rustic like Britain, 2% fee of unemployment of the labour power is taken into account very excessive. Latest launch by the Nationwide Bureau of Statistics experiences that over 20 million graduates are unemployed in Nigeria. An informal go to to any heart the place employment aptitude check is being performed will present one the precise stage of unemployment on this nation. The check performed by WAMCO Consulting Agency on behalf of 1 Dutch firm final yr witnessed greater than 30 thousand candidates. One other check performed by the identical agency on behalf of Honeywell recorded extra quantity.
These candidates had been solely those that met the screening standards (ie 2nd Class Higher), am not speaking about people who utilized however had been rejected. When most banks performed their very own exams, safety males (illiterates) had been used to drive graduates up and down. Some had been flogged, maltreated and humiliated; simply because they wanted some job. One hardly passes ten folks on the highway with out coming throughout a minimum of one unemployed graduate. A few of these graduates have migrated spherical all of the cities of Nigeria seeking jobs; all to no avail. They’ve moved from Lagos to Port-Harcourt, to Kaduna, to Kano, to Onitsha and all different locations unfit of mentioning.
This socio-economic downside of unemployment will be attributed to many and various causes. Among the conspicuous roots of the issue embrace inhabitants, educational curriculum, selection after all of examine, laziness, greed, authorities insurance policies, employment discrimination and authorities poor implementation of its employment insurance policies.
Nigeria is probably the most populated black nation of world. The final performed census put the determine at over 100 and fifty million. On this nice quantity, greater than 50% are within the labour power of the nation. What this implies is that there might be severe drag for the little out there openings of job alternatives out there. This gives the reply to the explanation why greater than thirty thousand Nigerian graduates prove for a job aptitude check that won’t take as much as twenty candidates.
Extra so, one other main explanation for unemployment on this nation is the training system and the kind of curriculum they run. From main faculty to the college, the curriculum is extra of concept than sensible. Within the eighties, main faculty pupils had been requested to do crafts; molding objects, making baskets, carving works and different handiworks however at this time in public colleges, they’re requested to deliver bathroom tissues as craft whereas in personal colleges, they bring about cash in lieu of craft. So, after main faculty, a holder of First Faculty Leaving Certificates can not do something along with his or her hand. That of put up main faculty is nothing to write down dwelling about. The scholars are taught solely find out how to cram textbooks and nothing extra. As soon as you’ll be able to commit all of the contents of Ababio, P. N.
Okeke and Fashionable Biology to reminiscence, you’re a shiny and clever scholar. No one or no instructor cares whether or not you realize their sensible purposes or not. Ours is Science with out Know-how; which is ineffective. All of the outdated Industrial and Vocational Faculties that provided vocational programs like catering, vogue and designing and culinary abilities have all been was pure extraordinary secondary colleges so as to be a part of the development and never run the chance of being left behind.
All of the graduates of those excessive colleges don’t have any place in financial system as a result of they have no talent to supply for change. This development takes the scholars into the college. The college is the worst as a result of not solely that it’s concept based mostly system however most lecturers will not be even prepared to offer that concept. College students are taught laptop science within the classroom with out a single laptop system. Most roadside mechanics are extra skilful than most graduates of mechanical engineering who parade themselves as engineers. A remaining yr Accounting scholar has by no means seen an actual money guide besides the hypothetical ones he sees within the textbook. How can a product of this sort of system be employable?
Alternative after all of examine is one other issue that contributes a lot within the employment issues in Nigeria. Many mother and father have a tendency to decide on careers for his or her offsprings as a result of they in love with a specific career with out contemplating whether or not these their kids have penchant for such career. Some folks could prefer to be musicians or comedians however their mother and father will kick in opposition to that and power them right into a self-discipline they’ve aversion for. On the finish, once they come out of college, they can not follow and thus stay unemployed. Once more, resulting from JAMB and its associated admission issues, some college students find yourself finding out what they did not intend finding out initially. Many college students began with Sciences however they ended up finding out an Artwork course resulting from admission ‘wahala’. Nigeria is a growing financial system. For that, not all disciplines are totally practical right here. In case you learn such programs, you stay unemployed until you’ve a godfather someplace. I can nonetheless keep in mind when one former president of Nigeria was addressing some nationwide points on Radio Nigeria and folks had been calling him to ask some questions. One man referred to as and informed him that he graduated from the college and for 4 years he had not gotten a job. The president requested him what he learn and he replied ‘Sociology’. The president gave a mirthless snigger and informed him that each one the cash spent for coaching him was wasted. Though that professionalism is just not so extremely upheld in Nigeria, but there are graduates of sure disciplines that can’t match into Nigerian financial system. The crude mentality of a larger share of Nigerians equally contributes to this. For example, someone who has some issues, obstacles or setbacks would somewhat go to a local physician, pastor or prophet as a substitute going to a psychologist.
Extra so, some graduates are lazy to work. They need straightforward life. They count on every part to return in a platter of gold. Most of them are in search of white collar jobs the place they’ll simply sit underneath an air conditioner, do little or nothing and receives a commission. They’ll preserve in search of that kind of job until eternity. A graduate was provided a job as a retailer keeper and he has the temerity to say that he will not contact or organize cartons. This implies he’s lazy and never but able to work. Some feminine graduates consider posting their photos to all of the social networks, relationship and match making web sites on the web to solid their bait and know if they will catch a giant fish. No one desires to bear the cross earlier than carrying the crown any longer.
Moreover, some graduates are too grasping. Lots of them do not wish to begin from the scratch. They wish to make it in a single day. They thought that when one graduates from the college, he change into tremendous wealthy. Most of them solely discuss and talk about in regards to the ‘massive pictures’ within the society with out taking out time to learn their biographies or a minimum of undergo their profiles. In the event that they try this, they’ll discover out that each one these women and men have labored and served in numerous capacities; each high and low earlier than arriving at their current positions. Instantly after commencement, the eyes of those graduates are set on Politics, Oil and Gasoline and Banking (when banking was doing properly), ignoring different lesser sectors which might be prepared and able to take in them. All of them wish to journey fanciful newest vehicles after three months of their employment. That is utopia and mirage as a result of such jobs are semi-nonexistent now. For that, most graduates will carry on ready for them until kingdom come.
Once more, there’s a nice discrimination and prejudice occurring within the labour market now. Employers of labour will not be serving to issues in any respect. Some candidates are prejudiced in opposition to on the grounds of their intercourse, age, kind of certificates and even tribe or ethnicity. Most workplace works will be performed by each women and men alike; why the intercourse discrimination then? Why can we see an advert that goes like this “a younger feminine accountant wanted for quick employment”? Does it imply {that a} male can not try this job? Some job interviewers give jobs to girls that aren’t certified as a result of they agreed to sleep or have slept with them; abandoning the extra certified males. Females are equally being discriminated in opposition to however are principally married ladies. Most engineering jobs that entails a lot area work and fixed motion do not normally take into account ladies. Most new era banks do not take into account married ladies. Some go the extent of getting the younger girls signal an endeavor that when they get married, their appointments are terminated. Age is one other space for discrimination. Banks in addition to different blue chip firms are principally culprits of this offence. Most of them do not settle for any applicant that’s above twenty-four years outdated. They want very younger, lovely and enticing girls that they’ll push into the marketplace for ‘company prostitution’. The younger good-looking guys are used to entice the sugar mummies to function an account with them. . These younger fellows are pushed again into labour market as soon as they failed to satisfy up with the unrealistic targets given to them. The worst discrimination within the labour market is that of BSC/HND dichotomy. Many employers of labour discriminate in opposition to the HND holders in favour of their counterparts with BSC. Though that within the advert, they all the time write BSC or HND because the qualification wanted however when it reaches to the precise job placement, the HND holders are jettisoned. Authorities equally has a hand within the creation of unemployment within the financial system. Some authorities insurance policies are extremely detrimental to job creation on this nation. Some graduates who could not discover jobs decide up bikes and change into ‘okada’ riders. However some State Governments thwarted their efforts by laying a ban on okada using. Many graduates wish to go into the manufacturing of native drinks, cosmetics and different little objects with little fund they garnered after service however they do not have the cash to register the merchandise with acceptable authorities companies like NAFDAC, SON and many others. A few of them that succeeded in erecting a small scale manufacturing corporations are being asphyxiated by big and extra taxation. All these not withstanding, the federal government has initiated some insurance policies and established some companies that may assist in addressing the difficulty of employment in Nigeria. Some authorities efforts in direction of reaching a excessive fee of employment in Nigeria embrace the institution of Federal Ministry of Labour and Productiveness, establishment of the Nigerian Director of Employment, initiating of Nationwide Poverty Eradication Programme and Nationwide Financial Empowerment Growth Technique.
Federal Ministry of Labour and Productiveness has a community of thirty-one Employment Exchanges and seventeen Skilled and Govt Registries. Nigeria Directorate Of Employment has 4 particular programmes that are Vocational Abilities Growth, Rural Employment Promotion, Small Scale Enterprises and Particular Works. Nationwide Poverty Eradication Programme has 5 initiatives that are as follows: Village Financial Growth Options, In Care of the Individuals, Group Financial Sensitization Scheme, Multi Accomplice Matching Funds and Rating on Poverty. Nationwide Financial Empowerment Technique is a Nigeria’s plan for prosperity. The federal government means of letting the folks know the way it plans to beat the deep and pervasive obstacles to progress that the federal government and the folks have recognized. The best of the obstacles is unemployment.
Despite all these establishments and programmes, the financial system is but to really feel any considerable influence on the world of employment. All of them stay solely fanciful drawings which might be solely achievable on the pages of the newspapers. NDE lately performed a Graduate Attachment Programme Check by which greater than one million graduates took half on-line. Lastly, solely 500 had been accepted and skilled. After the coaching, there have been no openings the place they may very well be fastened and the NDE Director, Mallam Abubakar Muhammed was begging the Nigeria Employers Consultative Affiliation to assist take in the trainees as interns. Every day Solar of Wednesday, twenty first July, 2010 reported thus “Minister of Finance, Mr. Olusegun Aganga has pledged the FG’s resolve to deal with unemployment within the nation as he decried the 49. 9 p.c unemployment fee within the city centres throughout the nation. NAPEP additionally lays a lot emphasis on personal sector initiative as a sustainable poverty eradication initiative. Every part now boils right down to the personal sector; the federal government is just not able to rise as much as its duty of offering employment for its residents. All these authorities insurance policies lack substance therefore they’re poorly executed.
This social and financial canker referred to as unemployment has many disastrous penalties on the complete nation. It provides rise to social vices, mass exodus of some Nigerians to different nations, steady financial instability, stagnant or decreased Gross Home Product and many others.
Many youths who’ve endured the scourge of unemployment for a protracted time period have determined to problem their destiny by selecting up arms and change into armed robbers, political thugs and kidnappers. Kidnapping has change into a typical train in Nigeria as a result of youths are idle and satan finds work finds work for idle arms. Every day Solar of Friday sixth August, 2010 reported that one Mr. Silas Ifeanyi, a Home of Consultant aspirant was kidnapped on his means again to Onisha from his dwelling city Nsukka. Mr. Ifeanyi was very stunned to search out out that each one his kidnappers had been all graduates. Youths of Niger Delta turned to militancy as a result of they do not have affordable and sustainable jobs. Even the put up Amnesty insurance policies that are supposed to get them fastened into reputable ventures within the financial system will not be being totally carried out as proposed. Basic election is quick approaching and so many unemployed graduates are able to stake their lives simply because they don’t have any options. Feminine unemployed graduates imbibe the spirit of the cliché “use what it’s important to get what you need”. Most of them have was full time prostitutes. Each romantic journal and all relationship web sites have their names and fabricated profiles in search of hook ups.
Some debased themselves to the extent of renting rooms in brothels or hanging in golf equipment and resort premises for any out there standing.
Many graduates have been unemployed for therefore a few years that they’ve misplaced their self worth and developed an inferiority complicated. They’re withdrawn from social gatherings and disassociate themselves from their mates who appear to be doing properly economically. Generally, they even undergo stigmatization from buddies and kin. The members of the family who entrusted hopes in them that after their commencement, they’ll begin benefiting from them are all disillusioned.
Their mother and father are uninterested in feeding them and giving them pocket cash even nonetheless after commencement. They’re seen as utter social misfit. All these represent emotional and psychological trauma for the unemployed youth.
A lot of the web and ATM rip-off are perpetrated by the unemployed graduates. Web fraud makes use of on-line providers to current solicitations to potential victims, to conduct fraudulent transactions or to transmit the proceeds of fraud to monetary establishments or to others linked with the scheme (WIKIPEDIA).
ATM scams are on the rise and the usage of on-line info has made it one of many simpler inter-net scams to tug off for any reasonably technically con artist (http://www.secureidentity.com.au). Why is web and ATM rip-off on the rise? The reply is just not far fetched. It’s due to the excessive fee of unemployment within the nation. Man should survive by some means, they are saying. This doesn’t finish right here. This unemployment has led many youths into completely different types of forgery.
As a result of the truth that each employer wants folks with some years of working expertise, many unemployed graduates have began forging appointment letters, in order that they could be thought-about. As a result of the truth that people who did not participate within the NYSC programme are discriminated in opposition to within the labour market; these graduates that did part-time, sandwich or night programmes go to the extent of forging NYSC discharge certificates or pay cash to some unlawful brokers so as to be mobilized for the programme. Just lately there was a report within the Punch Newspaper of Tuesday, August 3;2010 that 69 faux corps members had been arrested in Nasarawa State. How a lot does a corps member earn that may entice someone to contain himself in such a disgraceful act if not for starvation attributable to unemployment? Some even faux suggestion letters from extremely positioned authorities officers so as to be thought-about for a job. Probably the most annoying of all these frauds and scams are those pull by the so-called employment brokers. These are cheer exploiters. These folks understanding totally properly that many individuals are determined for jobs use it as a possibility to cheat them. They go in regards to the cities and cities of the nation pasting posters promoting for non-existent jobs. Some even promote on the pages of Newspapers. The unsuspecting and harmless job seekers all the time fall prey to those criminals. They extort cash from candidates with the promise of linking them with mouth watering jobs. Ultimately they’ll disappoint and aBSCond with their cash.
One other main consequence of unemployment is the mass exodus of the youth overseas. That individuals migrating overseas is just not the most important downside however the subject is that the majority of them do it illegally. Everyone is in search of a greener pasture and Nigeria would not appear to be one as a result of there is no such thing as a job, subsequently folks should go away whether or not legitimately or in any other case! Many Nigerian youths die on their technique to Europe; the place they undergo deserts, forests and different barricades. Most Nigerian youths are presently languishing in overseas prisons simply because they’re struggling for survival (though generally wrongly). Most individuals have been duped by some so-called journey brokers. These brokers accumulate cash from folks underneath the pretext that they’ll put together touring papers and assist them to journey. Lastly they’ll aBSCond with all these cash with out doing something.
The financial impact of this unemployment on the nation is that there’s a nice loss within the potential output that might have been generated by these unemployed labour power. This decreases what ought to have been the precise Gross Home Product. This finally results in financial instability. Nigeria was not invited to the G20 Summit on the grounds of political however principally financial instability.
Regardless of all these causes and penalties of this financial downside of unemployment, one thing nonetheless needs to be performed to handle if not redress the state of affairs. We won’t proceed crying over the spilt milk somewhat we should always rise to the challenges and take the bull by the horns. The federal government by way of its Ministries, Departments and Companies ought to get up to its duties. The Federal and numerous State Ministries of Schooling ought to restructure the tutorial curriculum to swimsuit the calls for of the current day financial system. The schemes of labor must be extra sensible oriented than concept based mostly. Vocational research must be inspired. There must be institution of extra technical colleges and the prevailing ones must be adequately geared up. Authorities ought to present sensible supplies to its numerous universities. These supplies embrace computer systems, laboratory tools, equipment and many others.
Furthermore, mother and father ought to cease interfering of their kids’s selection of profession. These kids must be allowed to decide on what they’ve ardour for in order that they will follow after the coaching. Once more the potential undergraduates who’re discovering it tough to go College Matriculation Examination ought to desist from accepting ‘anyhow’ course provided to them by the college due to their low grade somewhat they need to work more durable to realize their aim irrespective of how lengthy it would take. They’re suggested to go for programs which might be presently related within the Nigerian financial system. Nigeria presently wants extra of those that studied enterprise associated or sensible oriented programs.
One other space that deserves authorities consideration as regards employment is the provision of electrical energy. Some graduates are prepared to enter small scale manufacturing however because of the erratic nature of the ability provide; they’re incapacitated. The price of manufacturing might be too excessive in the event that they rely on generator set. Most of them can not afford the fee.
Loans and credit must be made out there and accessible to younger graduates who wish to go into entrepreneurship. There are 4 hundred and 7 registered microfinance banks in Nigeria, but younger entrepreneurs do not have entry to funds. Most of them give loans at an outrageous fee of 20% every year with collateral safety supplied they usually do not give greater than fifty thousand naira. But they declare that microfinance banks assist the youths principally in reaching their targets in life (Scribd web site). The federal government ought to mandate the monetary establishments to offer loans for graduates who want to go into enterprise ventures at a really low rate of interest and settle for solely their educational certificates as collateral.
Lastly, younger graduates who’re but get jobs ought to be taught to take their destiny of their arms. On the again cowl web page of Fortunate Star train guide is written “The one Nigerian who doesn’t ask anyone to offer him work is the uneducated”. If that is true of uneducated, then the educated must be higher off. They cant proceed asking anyone to offer them work. They need to be job creators as a substitute of job seekers. What I imply is that self employment and entrepreneurship must be behind thoughts of each younger graduate. Nigerian financial system nonetheless has a really huge market and alternatives craving to be tapped. It solely wants cautious observations and thorough evaluation. Alternatives abound within the areas like ICT, Sports activities, Leisure, enterprise and agriculture. With the little cash saved throughout youth service, one can begin up a small enterprise which is sure to develop with time. With the information of ICT strategies, one can do many issues like designing of graphics, printing of labels, identification playing cards and many others. An unemployed graduate can arrange some leisure reveals or sit down and write books. He can equally write scripts for film productions or write different entertaining books and promote them off to publishers. He can worse nonetheless connect himself to a personal faculty as a tutor and on the similar time be organizing personal tutorial courses for college students and adults.
Conclusively, some specialists and authorities say that agriculture was the mainstay of the financial system earlier than the invention of petroleum however I keep that agriculture continues to be the mainstay of the financial system. The discharge by Nationwide Bureau of Statistics reveals that agriculture contributed the very best quota of 41. 84% to the Gross Home Product of 2009 whereas the ‘almighty’ petroleum contributed solely 16. 05%. This means that agriculture nonetheless dominates the financial system. So, the younger graduates who’re but to safe jobs ought to see agriculture as a superb different. Areas like fish rearing, rabbit rearing, small scale poultry, vegetable plantation and quite a few others must be explored. These don’t take a lot assets. For example, fish will be reared in a GP storage tank and even in a really small aquarium.
Subsequently, the innumerable unemployed graduates ought to gird their loins and prepare for actions. They need to cease ready for presidency as authorities has nothing to supply by way of employment. They need to make use of the potentialities that nature endows them with to provide you with concepts, improvements and options. After getting options to folks’s issues, they need to come in search of you and pay any value you require. The world wants an issue solver and when you change into one, you will see out that THERE IS NO UNEMPLOYMENT IN NIGERIA.
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Source by Casmire Ohanabalu
